What is GOD? Кто такой БОГ?

Парадокс… Полная пустота… Ничто вмещающее все… Вибрация без колебаний… Сосуд творческих энергий… Осознанное пространство… Непроизносимое… Разум… Свет…

Дух > Творец > Сын || Разум > Вселенная > Человек || Свідомість > Світло > Звук

Шива > Шакті > нара || свідомість > енергія (світло) > матерія || Простір, час, об'єкт

Брахма (раджас) - Вішну (саттва) - Шива (тамас) || Варуна - Агні -  Індра???

Сварог > Дажбог/Світовид > Перун || (небо - блискавка/світло - грім/звук) ???

Om?, Na: Earth (Prithvi), Ma: Water (Jal), Shi: Fire (Agni), Va: Air (Vayu), Ya: Space (Akasha). Ajna? Om? Sahasrara (unspeakable - eternal consciousness - Sva) > Ajna > ... Om Namah Shivaya reminds me so called ethereal circle meditation in Tai Chi.

Om > Aum > Amen > Ameen > universal unstruck sound Anahat

Getting message before Ubuntu boot after GRUB menu

How to disable message:

EFI sub: Loaded initrd from LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID device path

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"  // DO NOT WORK

sudo update-grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="quiet splash" // DO NOT WORK

sudo update-grub

Not fixed after upgrade to Kubuntu 24.04 LTS. No more rolling releases!!!

Абсолютне зло

Якщо у світі існує абсолютне зло, то це напевне — релігія, мова та віра. Ніщо так не роз’єднує людей, як ці три явища.

Особливість зла та западла в тому, що вони завжди прикидаються благом і добром. Так і релігія, пропонуючи й обіцяючи щось там колись невідомо де за виконання певних правил і наслідування паразитів-проповідників, баламутить голови вірян і перетворює їх у покірну та неадекватну аморфну масу. Релігії створюють конфлікти, конкуренцію, нетерпимість, не сприяють миру, гальмують прогрес і притуплюють інтелектуальні здібності людей. Доведено історією та сьогоденням.

А найдурніше в житті, що можна робити, це вірити у щось, не знаючи та не розуміючи нічогісінько. Як сильно не вір, це нічого не підтверджує та не доводить — стовідсоткові марнота та безглуздя, як вони є. Підміна знань вірою — це найважчий злочин проти людства, проти себе. Не вір, а знай  — древня ненародна мудрість.

Мова вносить непорозуміння, але порівняно з негативними впливами релігії та віри — це ніщо. В будь-якому разі рано чи пізно доведеться дійти до якогось спільного знаменника, що робиться через технічну експансію сьогодні. Єдина планета, єдине людство, єдина мова — спільнота, співпраця, справедливість.

JPG, PNG and PDF to text with Tesseract OCR

sudo apt install tesseract-ocr -y

sudo nano batch_ocr.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Set the source and output directories
source_dir="/path/to/source/folder"
output_dir="/path/to/output/folder"

# Loop through image and PDF files in the source directory
for file in "$source_dir"/*.jpg "$source_dir"/*.png "$source_dir"/*.pdf; do
    filename=$(basename "$file")
    base="${filename%.*}"
    
    # Perform OCR using Tesseract
    tesseract "$file" "$output_dir/$base" -l eng
done

chmod +x batch_ocr.sh

https://linuxhint.com/install-tesseract-ocr-linux/

Cannot empty Trash folder on Kubuntu Linux

Delete trash metadata files and let the system recreate them:

rm -r ~/.local/share/Trash/files/*

rm -r ~/.local/share/Trash/info/*

Win + E => Trash => F5

Check proxy server on Kubuntu Linux

curl -v -x 136.144.178.240:80 http://www.google.com

*   Trying 136.144.178.240:80...
* Connected to 136.144.178.240 (136.144.178.240) port 80 (#0)
> GET http://www.google.com/ HTTP/1.1
> Host: www.google.com

Transparent (NOA - No anonymity), Anonymous (ANM), Highly Anonymous (HIA).

Logging and Monitoring: Proxy servers can log and monitor the traffic passing through them. This means that the administrators of the proxy server can potentially see the websites you visit, the data you send and receive, and other activities.

SSL/TLS Decryption: Some proxies, known as "transparent proxies" or "man-in-the-middle proxies," have the ability to decrypt and re-encrypt secure HTTPS traffic. This is often done by using SSL/TLS certificates that are installed on the proxy. While this can be used for legitimate purposes, it can also expose your encrypted data to the proxy server.

Content Filtering: Many organizations use proxy servers to enforce content filtering policies. This means that the proxy can analyze the content of web pages and block access to certain websites or types of content.

Caching: Proxy servers can cache frequently accessed web content to improve performance and reduce bandwidth usage. While caching itself doesn't necessarily intercept traffic, it can impact your browsing experience.

Authentication and Access Control: Proxies can require users to authenticate before they can access the internet. This authentication can also involve intercepting traffic to prompt for login credentials.

Malware Scanning: Some proxy servers are equipped with malware scanning capabilities to detect and block malicious content before it reaches the user's device.

Traffic Monitoring: ISPs have access to the data that flows through their network. They can monitor the websites you visit, the data you send and receive, and the services you use.

Data Logging: ISPs can log certain data about your online activities, including the times you connect to the internet, the IP addresses you interact with, and the amount of data you consume.

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI): Some ISPs use deep packet inspection to analyze the content of your internet traffic. This technology allows them to identify the type of content you're accessing, which can be used for various purposes including traffic shaping and enforcing policies.

Traffic Shaping: ISPs can prioritize or throttle certain types of traffic based on their policies. For example, they might throttle video streaming to manage network congestion.

Censorship and Filtering: In some regions, ISPs might be required to block access to specific websites or content. They can also implement content filtering for various reasons.

DNS Requests: ISPs handle your Domain Name System (DNS) requests, which means they know which websites you're trying to access even if the actual content is encrypted.

Security Measures: Some ISPs offer security services that can help protect users from malicious websites and content. These services might involve scanning the websites you access.

Remove USBGuard on Kubuntu Linux

locate usbguard // uses a pre-built database to quickly find files by name

locate usbguard | sudo xargs rm -rf // remove everything containing "usbguard"

sudo find / -xdev -name "*usbguard*" -exec rm -r {} \; // remove all found

sudo apt remove usbguard -y

sudo apt purge usbguard -y

sudo updatedb

locate usbguard // now shows nothing

https://roussos.cc/2019/08/19/usbguard/

Analyze network activity on Kubuntu in real-time

sudo tcpdump // command-line packet analyzer that captures network traffic in real-time

sudo tcpdump -w /path/to/log.pcap // pcap format is used by Wireshark

sudo tcpdump -i <interface> -l | tee /dev/tty | sudo tcpdump  -w /media/user/folder/tcpdump_log.pcap // problem with buffering while displaying real-time in terminal

sudo tcpdump -i <interface> | tee /dev/tty | sudo tcpdump -l -U -G 600 -w /media/user/folder/tcpdump_log-%Y%m%d%H%M%S.pcap // won't help

sudo tcpdump -l -i any | tee -a /media/user/folder/tcpdump_log-$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S').pcap // works but creates incompatible file with Wireshark

tcpdump -l -i any -qn port 53 | tee -a /tmp/dnslogs

sudo nano capture_traffic.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Set the path for the pcap file
PCAP_PATH="/media/user/directory/tcpdump_log-$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S').pcap"

# Run tcpdump to capture traffic and display in terminal, saving to file in background
sudo tcpdump -i enp -l -w "$PCAP_PATH" &

# Run tcpdump to capture traffic and display in terminal
sudo tcpdump -i enp -l | tee /dev/tty

sudo chmod +x capture_traffic.sh

./capture_traffic.sh

sudo apt install wireshark // graphical network protocol analyzer

Ctrl + Shift + P =>Name Resolution => Resolve network (IP) addresses // in Wireshark

sudo dhclient

ping 8.8.8.8

ip link

nmcli

nmcli dev status

sudo lshw -class network

netstat

route

ss // (Socket Statistics) network sockets, network connections and network interfaces

ss -t -a -n // all established TCP connections

ss -u -l -n // listening UDP sockets

sudo apt install traceroute

• -n: Show IP addresses instead of resolving hostnames.
• -m max_ttl: Set the maximum number of hops to reach the destination.
• -q nqueries: Specify the number of probes per hop.
• -w waittime: Set the timeout for each probe.

traceroute -n -m 30 -q 3 -w 2 www.google.com

Android phone administration on Kubuntu

lsusb

ls -al

usbguard list-devices 

usbguard allow-device 11

sudo apt install android-sdk-platform-tools android-tools-adb android-tools-fastboot -y

adb shell

sudo touch /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="1234", ATTR{idProduct}=="1234", MODE="0666", GROUP="plugdev"

sudo usermod -aG plugdev username

groups

getent group plugdev

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

adb kill-server

adb start-server

If not working, restart PC.

adb shell dumpsys battery

Current Battery Service state:
 AC powered: false
 USB powered: true
 Wireless powered: false
 status: 5
 status: 4
 health: 2
 present: true
 present: false
 level: 100
 level: 50
 scale: 100
 voltage: 4219
 temperature: 320
 technology: Li-ion

adb shell getprop // list of properties related to the device

adb shell getprop | grep "ro.product.model"

adb shell dumpsys iphonesubinfo 

Phone Subscriber Info:
 Phone Type = GSM
 Device ID = <IMEI>

adb shell ls // list all phone content

adb shell ls folder_or_file

adb pull /folder /destination/folder // copy files from phone

https://linuxhint.com/install-use-adb-fastboot-ubuntu/

https://developer.android.com/studio/run/device

Cleanup thumbnails in .cache/thumbnails on Kubuntu

touch /home/user/thumbnail_cleanup.sh

#!/bin/bash

THUMBNAILS_DIR="/home/user/.cache/thumbnails/large"

SIZE_LIMIT_MB=100 # Set the size limit in megabytes

while true; do

current_size=$(du -m "$THUMBNAILS_DIR" | cut -f1)

if [ "$current_size" -gt "$SIZE_LIMIT_MB" ]; then

find "$THUMBNAILS_DIR" -type f -mtime +7 -delete

fi

sleep 86400 # Sleep for 24 hours

done

chmod +x /home/user/thumbnail_cleanup.sh // make script executable

touch /home/user/.config/autostart/thumbnail_cleanup.desktop

[Desktop Entry]

Name=large thumbnail cleanup script

Type=Script

Exec=/home/user/thumbnail_cleanup.sh

Install Python3.11 for Stable Diffusion after Python.310

If you upgraded to python3.11* on Linux => No module named pip error. 

Launching launch.py...
################################################################
Using TCMalloc: libtcmalloc_minimal.so.4
Python 3.11.4 (main, Jun  9 2023, 07:59:55) [GCC 12.3.0]
Version: v1.5.1
Commit hash: 68f336bd994bed5442ad95bad6b6ad5564a5409a
Installing torch and torchvision
/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/venv/bin/python3: No module named pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 39, in <module>
   main()
 File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 30, in main
   prepare_environment()
 File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/modules/launch_utils.py", line 311, in prepare_environment
   run(f'"{python}" -m {torch_command}', "Installing torch and torchvision", "Couldn't install torch", live=True
)
 File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/modules/launch_utils.py", line 113, in run
   raise RuntimeError("\n".join(error_bits))
RuntimeError: Couldn't install torch.
Command: "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/venv/bin/python3" -m pip install torch==2.0.1 torchvision==
0.15.2 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
Error code: 1

sudo apt install python3-venv python3-pip

Delete venv folder in Stable Diffusion installation:

/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/venv/

./webui.sh --xformers

Stable Diffusion will install everything, it needs into new venv folder.

On Windows no need to do this. Use python3.10.6.

https://bobbyhadz.com/blog/python-no-module-named-pip

USB Type-C fast charging on Kubuntu not working

sudo dmesg | grep usb

sudo lsusb -v

sudo lsusb -v | grep -i power

sudo service udev status

sudo service udev restart

The file or folder udi=/org/kde/solid/udev/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.3/0000:03:00.2/0000:16:08.0/0000:25:00.0/usb3/3-1 does not exist.

sudo apt reinstall udev // no effect

sudo usbview

apt list libusb*

sudo apt install libusb-0.1-4

Actually problem is even with MTP transfer. Do not forget to allow phone via USBGuard!

https://www.cyberciti.biz/security/how-to-protect-linux-against-rogue-usb-devices-using-usbguard/

MTP tranfer works with old 2014 Android smartphone, with 2022 phone do not, but if you allow 2022 phone via USBGuard, at least charging starts working properly.

sudo apt reinstall mtp-tools // no effect

mtp-detect

libmtp version: 1.1.20

Listing raw device(s)

Device 0 (VID=**** and PID=****) is a Samsung Galaxy models (MTP).

   Found 1 device(s):

   Samsung: Galaxy models (MTP) (****:****) @ bus 3, dev 2

Attempting to connect device(s)

libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(1) failed: No data available

no active configuration, trying to set configuration

libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(2) failed: No data available

LIBMTP PANIC: Unable to initialize device

Unable to open raw device 0

OK.

usbguard list-devices

usbguard allow-device 17

sudo dmesg

Problem was in USBGuard settings. After removal of USBGuard everything works OK.

No network connection on Kubuntu Plasma Desktop

sudo dhclient

ping 8.8.8.8

ip link

nmcli

nmcli dev status

sudo apt install plasma-nm

sudo apt install network-manager

sudo nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf // didn't work out

[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile

[ifupdown]
managed=false

[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

change the line managed=false to managed=true // no effect

Add following:

[keyfile]

unmanaged-devices=none; OR for multiple devices

unmanaged-devices=none;your-device-name; // device name => ls /sys/class/net || ip link || nmcli

sudo service network-manager restart // didn't work

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

Failed to restart network-manager.service: Unit network-manager.service not found.

sudo apt reinstall network-manager

systemctl status NetworkManager

nmcli dev show // make sure device is managed

Reset Network Device Configuration:

sudo ifconfig device-name 0.0.0.0 down // didn't work

sudo ip addr flush dev device-name // didn't work

/etc/network/interfaces && /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ // Network Configuration Files

nmcli con show // list all existing NetworkManager connections names

nmcli con mod "Wired connection 1" ipv4.addresses ''
nmcli con mod "Wired connection 1" ipv4.gateway ''
nmcli con mod "Wired connection 1" ipv4.dns ''

nmcli con show 'Wired connection 1'

sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

nmcli dev show  // look for state change

BEFORE => GENERAL.STATE:                          10 (unmanaged)

NOW => GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected (externally))

SOLVED! => NM works and connection is UP from the start

Reinstall drivers on Kubuntu in recovery mode

Ubuntu keyboard and mouse drives fail after upgrade:

sudo apt-get install -y xserver-xorg-input-all // reboot => also may solve other problems

sudo apt install nvidia-settings

If no internet connection in recovery mode or on Plasma Desktop

nmcli dev status

ping 8.8.8.8

sudo dhclient

Troubles with smartphone detection and other USB issues:

sudo apt reinstall mtp-tools

sudo apt reinstall libmtp*

sudo apt reinstall usb*

Network manager problems:

sudo apt install plasma-nm

sudo apt install network-manager

Show current Linux kernel name:

ls /boot

uname -r

uname -r -s -m -p -i -o

Linux 5.15.0-46-generic x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 

Reinstall Linux kernel:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-$(uname -r)

Remove unused Linux kernel:

dpkg --list | grep linux-image // display a list of installed Linux kernel packages

sudo apt remove linux-image-5.4.0-90-generic // remove unused kernel

sudo apt remove linux-headers-VERSION*

sudo apt remove linux-modules-VERSION*

sudo apt remove linux-extra-VERSION*

Show info about system devices:

lscpu

lsblk

lsusb

lspci

sudo lshw

Adding Python deadsnakes ppa repository on Kubuntu Linux

apt-cache policy python3

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

https://launchpad.net/~deadsnakes/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

MAKE SURE your Linux version is supported: https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu/dists/

IF NOT, use latest supported version for ppa

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/deadsnakes-ubuntu-ppa-jammy.list

deb https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu/ focal main
deb-src https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu/ focal main

sudo apt edit-sources // edit repositories

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list // edit repositories

ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d // list additional repositories files

/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.10-stdlib
dpkg: libpython3.10-stdlib:amd64: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
python3.10 depends on libpython3.10-stdlib (= 3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4).

(Reading database ... 254967 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libpython3.10-stdlib:amd64 (3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4) ...
/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.10
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove libpython3.10 which isn't installed
/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.10-minimal
dpkg: libpython3.10-minimal:amd64: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
python3.10-minimal depends on libpython3.10-minimal (= 3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4).

(Reading database ... 254625 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libpython3.10-minimal:amd64 (3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4) ...
Purging configuration files for libpython3.10-minimal:amd64 (3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4) ...
/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.10
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove libpython3.10 which isn't installed

/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ sudo apt install python3.10
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
python3.10 : Depends: python3.10-minimal (= 3.10.12-1+focal1) but 3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4 is to be installed
             Depends: libpython3.10-stdlib (= 3.10.12-1+focal1) but it is not going to be installed
python3.10-minimal : Depends: libpython3.10-minimal (= 3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

sudo apt purge python3.10

sudo apt purge python3.10-minimal

sudo aptitude

https://packages.ubuntu.com/kinetic/libpython3.10-stdlib

sudo dpkg -i libmpdec3_2.5.1-2build2_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i libpython3.10-minimal_3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i libpython3.10-stdlib_3.10.7-1ubuntu0.4_amd64.deb

sudo apt --fix-broken install

Spent lot't of time and failed...

Change the Python3 default version in Ubuntu

cd /usr/bin

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.10 1

sudo update-alternatives --config python // choose python version

python3 --version

Python 3.10.7

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates

See Technical details about this PPA => Signing key: => Fingerprint:

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1459362/how-to-resolve-the-key-not-available-error-on-deadsnakes-ppa

https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/how-to-install-and-switch-python-versions-on-ubuntu-20-04/

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/410579/change-the-python3-default-version-in-ubuntu

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1239829/modulenotfounderror-no-module-named-distutils-util

Problems and glitches in Mozilla Firefox

Enter key creates space instead sending prompt in Firefox. On Google search page in search field Enter key enters space. Firefox ESR on Kubuntu Linux. Solution:

In my case disabling AdBlocker extension solved the problem => Disable on this site option.

Remove python3 - Python 3.11 on Ubuntu

ls /usr/bin/python* // list all installed python versions

[Bug]: RuntimeError: Couldn't Install Torch

Stable Diffusion----------------------------------------------------------------------------

./webui.sh --xformers

################################################################

Install script for stable-diffusion + Web UI

Tested on Debian 11 (Bullseye)

################################################################

################################################################

Running on user user

################################################################

################################################################

Repo already cloned, using it as install directory

################################################################

################################################################

Create and activate python venv

################################################################

################################################################

Launching launch.py...

################################################################

Using TCMalloc: libtcmalloc_minimal.so.4

Python 3.11.4 (main, Jun  9 2023, 07:59:55) [GCC 12.3.0]

Version: v1.5.1

Commit hash: 68f336bd994bed5442ad95bad6b6ad5564a5409a

Installing torch and torchvision

/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/venv/bin/python3: No module named pip

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 39, in <module>

    main()

  File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/launch.py", line 30, in main

    prepare_environment()

  File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/modules/launch_utils.py", line 311, in prepare_environment

    run(f'"{python}" -m {torch_command}', "Installing torch and torchvision", "Couldn't install torch", live=True)

  File "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/modules/launch_utils.py", line 113, in run

    raise RuntimeError("\n".join(error_bits))

RuntimeError: Couldn't install torch.

Command: "/home/user/Downloads/stable-diffusion-webui/venv/bin/python3" -m pip install torch==2.0.1 torchvision==0.15.2 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118

Error code: 1

----------------------------------------------------------------------------Stable Diffusion

sudo rm /usr/bin/python3.11

sudo apt purge python3.11

usr/bin$ sudo apt remove python3.11-minimal

sudo find / -xdev -name python3.11*

sudo find / -xdev -name 'python3.11*' -exec rm -r {} \; // remove all found

sudo apt-get purge python3-uno

sudo apt-get install python3-uno

sudo apt-get purge python3.11-minimal python3.11 python3 python3-uno

sudo apt update -y && sudo apt upgrade -y

sudo apt --fix-broken install

sudo apt autoremove --purge *python* // remove all python packages

apt-cache policy python3

SOLUTION in my case:

sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.11-stdlib

sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.11

sudo dpkg --force-depends --purge libpython3.11-minimal

sudo apt --fix-broken install

AVOID creating conflicts by installing different kernel version updates!!!

sudo apt install -f --reinstall python3-minimal

sudo apt install -f --reinstall python3-pip

sudo apt install -f --reinstall python3

sudo apt update

sudo apt upgrade

sudo apt full-upgrade

sudo apt reinstall plasma-desktop

sudo apt reinstall kwin-x11

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-programming-environment-on-ubuntu-22-04

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1402419/cant-remove-python-3-10-from-ubuntu-20-04lts

https://gist.github.com/zhensongren/811dcf2471f663ed3148a272f1faa957

https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-install-python-on-ubuntu-linux-system/?expand_article=1

https://linuxhint.com/uninstall-python-ubuntu-22-04/

https://www.debugpoint.com/install-python-3-10-ubuntu/

Models are not shown in Stable Diffusion list

Check path to models and symlinks, if you have any.

/home/user/folder/stable-diffusion-webui/models/Stable-diffusion/

Toshiba DT01ACA200 SMART

smartctl --all /dev/sda                    (Prints all SMART information)

smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-5.19.0-46-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===

Model Family:     Toshiba 3.5" DT01ACA... Desktop HDD

Device Model:     TOSHIBA DT01ACA200

Serial Number:    #########

LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 ff3e0f0aa

Firmware Version: MX4OABB0

User Capacity:    2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]

Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical

Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm

Form Factor:      3.5 inches

Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319

ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4

SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)

Local Time is:    Sat Jul 15 22:29:35 2023 EEST

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.

SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!

Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.

See vendor-specific Attribute list for failed Attributes.

General SMART Values:

Offline data collection status:  (0x84) Offline data collection activity

                                        was suspended by an interrupting command from host.

                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.

Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed

                                        without error or no self-test has ever

                                        been run.

Total time to complete Offline

data collection:                (14822) seconds.

Offline data collection

capabilities:                    (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.

                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.

                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new

                                        command.

                                        Offline surface scan supported.

                                        Self-test supported.

                                        No Conveyance Self-test supported.

                                        Selective Self-test supported.

SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering

                                        power-saving mode.

                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.

Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.

                                        General Purpose Logging supported.

Short self-test routine

recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.

Extended self-test routine

recommended polling time:        ( 247) minutes.

SCT capabilities:              (0x003d) SCT Status supported.

                                        SCT Error Recovery Control supported.

                                        SCT Feature Control supported.

                                        SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16

Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE

  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   070   070   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       181274516

  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   139   139   054    Pre-fail  Offline      -       72

  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   127   127   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       296 (Average 299)

  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       3238

  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   001   001   005    Pre-fail  Always   FAILING_NOW 2005

  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   124   124   020    Pre-fail  Offline      -       33

  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       32025

 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       2840

192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       4030

193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       4030

194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   240   240   000    Old_age   Always       -       25 (Min/Max 14/52)

196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       2598

197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1

ATA Error Count: 4

        CR = Command Register [HEX]

        FR = Features Register [HEX]

        SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]

        SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]

        CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]

        CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]

        DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]

        DC = Device Command Register [HEX]

        ER = Error register [HEX]

        ST = Status register [HEX]

Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as

DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,

SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 4 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 32022 hours (1334 days + 6 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 50 30 cd 73 08  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0873cd30 = 141806896

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  60 50 28 30 cd 73 40 08      00:01:48.986  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 08 20 08 cd 73 40 08      00:01:45.998  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 08 68 00 cd 73 40 08      00:01:42.921  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 08 60 00 54 5a 40 08      00:01:42.861  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 08 58 f8 cc 73 40 08      00:01:39.840  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 3 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 32022 hours (1334 days + 6 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 08 f0 cc 73 08  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0873ccf0 = 141806832

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  60 08 68 f0 cc 73 40 08      00:01:32.621  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08      00:01:32.600  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]

  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08      00:01:32.600  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

  ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08      00:01:32.597  IDENTIFY DEVICE

  ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08      00:01:32.597  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 2 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 32022 hours (1334 days + 6 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 08 f0 cc 73 08  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0873ccf0 = 141806832

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  60 08 a8 f0 cc 73 40 08      00:01:28.814  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08      00:01:28.814  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]

  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 08      00:01:28.814  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

  ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08      00:01:28.812  IDENTIFY DEVICE

  ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08      00:01:28.812  SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]

Error 1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 32022 hours (1334 days + 6 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 30 00 cd 73 08  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0873cd00 = 141806848

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  60 40 48 f0 cc 73 40 08      00:01:18.230  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 08 20 68 f1 ad 40 08      00:01:18.216  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 00 18 18 5f bd 40 08      00:01:17.959  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 00 10 18 5e bd 40 08      00:01:17.958  READ FPDMA QUEUED

  60 00 08 18 5d bd 40 08      00:01:17.958  READ FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1

No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1

 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS

    1        0        0  Not_testing

    2        0        0  Not_testing

    3        0        0  Not_testing

    4        0        0  Not_testing

    5        0        0  Not_testing

Selective self-test flags (0x0):

  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.

If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Create symlink to file or folder contents on Linux

Create symlink to all contents of a folder or everything in folder:

ln -s /media/user/HDD/folder/another/* /home/user/Downloads/another/

Create symlink to certain file in folder:

ln -s /media/user/HDD/folder/another/file.txt /home/user/Downloads/another/

Create symlink to certain folder in folder:

ln -s /media/user/HDD/folder/another/folderName /home/user/Downloads/another/

Render Stable Diffusion images on CPU

./webui.sh --use-cpu all --precision full --no-half // Very long. Not worth it.

Kubuntu not showing all network PCs

F5

smb://pcipaddress

No access to shared folders on Windows

Gigabit LAN only 60MB/s max network speed on Kubuntu

ip a

sudo lshw -class network

System Settings - Connections

Seagate ST980813ASG SMART

smartctl --all /dev/sda                    (Prints all SMART information)

smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-5.19.0-15-generic] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===

Model Family:     Seagate Momentus 7200.2

Device Model:     ST980813ASG

Serial Number:    ########

Firmware Version: 3.ADD

User Capacity:    80,026,361,856 bytes [80.0 GB]

Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical

Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319

ATA Version is:   ATA/ATAPI-7 (minor revision not indicated)

Local Time is:    Wed Jan 11 17:43:23 2023 UTC

SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.

SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!

Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.

See vendor-specific Attribute list for failed Attributes.

General SMART Values:

Offline data collection status:  (0x82) Offline data collection activity

was completed without error.

Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.

Self-test execution status:      ( 119) The previous self-test completed having

the read element of the test failed.

Total time to complete Offline 

data collection: (  426) seconds.

Offline data collection

capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.

Auto Offline data collection on/off support.

Suspend Offline collection upon new

command.

Offline surface scan supported.

Self-test supported.

No Conveyance Self-test supported.

Selective Self-test supported.

SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering

power-saving mode.

Supports SMART auto save timer.

Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.

General Purpose Logging supported.

Short self-test routine 

recommended polling time: (   2) minutes.

Extended self-test routine

recommended polling time: (  84) minutes.

SCT capabilities:        (0x0035) SCT Status supported.

SCT Feature Control supported.

SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10

Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:

ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE

  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   100   253   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   099   099   085    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   020    Old_age   Always       -       1480

  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   001   001   036    Pre-fail  Always   FAILING_NOW 31952

  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   081   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       8853334264

  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   081   081   000    Old_age   Always       -       17405

 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   034    Pre-fail  Always       -       0

 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   098   098   020    Old_age   Always       -       2079

187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       5259

189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       2

190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   060   031   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 40 (Min/Max 24/43)

191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       10

192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       1844

193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0022   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       234936

194 Temperature_Celsius     0x001a   040   069   000    Old_age   Always       -       40 (0 12 0 0 0)

195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered  0x0012   073   061   000    Old_age   Always       -       137350076

197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0010   100   097   000    Old_age   Offline      -       11

198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x003e   100   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       11

199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0000   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1

200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

202 Data_Address_Mark_Errs  0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       17217 (111 247 0)

241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       11734329995

242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   000   000   000    Old_age   Offline      -       170874401

254 Free_Fall_Sensor        0x0000   001   001   000    Old_age   Offline      -       513

SMART Error Log Version: 1

ATA Error Count: 6887 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)

CR = Command Register [HEX]

FR = Features Register [HEX]

SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]

SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]

CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]

CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]

DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]

DC = Device Command Register [HEX]

ER = Error register [HEX]

ST = Status register [HEX]

Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as

DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,

SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 6887 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17395 hours (724 days + 19 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 01 f5 d0 4f e0  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x004fd0f5 = 5230837

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  42 00 01 f5 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.020  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 01 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.005  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 02 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.596  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.194  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.179  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

Error 6886 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17395 hours (724 days + 19 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 01 f4 d0 4f e0  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x004fd0f4 = 5230836

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  42 00 01 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.020  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 02 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.005  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.596  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.194  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 08 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.179  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

Error 6885 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17395 hours (724 days + 19 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 02 f4 d0 4f e0  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x004fd0f4 = 5230836

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  42 00 02 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.020  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.005  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.596  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 08 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.194  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 10 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.179  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

Error 6884 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17395 hours (724 days + 19 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 04 f4 d0 4f e0  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x004fd0f4 = 5230836

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  42 00 04 f4 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.020  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 04 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:10.005  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 08 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.596  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 10 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.194  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 10 e0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.179  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

Error 6883 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 17395 hours (724 days + 19 hours)

  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:

  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH

  -- -- -- -- -- -- --

  40 51 04 f4 d0 4f e0  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x004fd0f4 = 5230836

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:

  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name

  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------

  42 00 08 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:07.134  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 10 f0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:07.129  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 10 e0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.596  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 20 e0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.194  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

  42 00 20 c0 d0 4f e0 00      00:43:09.179  READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1

Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error

# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       70%     11805         116337475

# 2  Short offline       Interrupted (host reset)      10%       330         -

# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%         1         -

# 4  Short offline       Completed without error       00%         0         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1

 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS

    1        0        0  Not_testing

    2        0        0  Not_testing

    3        0        0  Not_testing

    4        0        0  Not_testing

    5        0        0  Not_testing

Selective self-test flags (0x0):

  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.

If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay. 

Windows Command Prompt

shutdown –r –t 10 => reboot in 10 sec

shutdown –s –t 30 => shutdown after 30 sec

Error code 0x80070035 the network path not found solution

https://thegeekpage.com/turn-windows-features-on-or-off-blank-or-empty/

https://softwarekeep.com/help-center/how-to-fix-windows-resource-protection-could-not-start-the-repair-service

C:\Windows\system32>sfc /scannow

Windows Resource Protection could not start the repair service.

C:\Windows\system32>sfc /scannow

Beginning system scan.  This process will take some time.

Beginning verification phase of system scan.

Verification 33% complete.

C:\Windows\system32>Dism /online /Get-Features /format:table | find "SMB1Protocol"

SMB1Protocol                                 | Enabled

SMB1Protocol-Client                          | Enabled

SMB1Protocol-Server                          | Enabled

SMB1Protocol-Deprecation                     | Enabled

SMB1Protocol can be enabled in Turn Windows Features On / Off.

Enabled SMB 1.0/CIFS Client, which made Windows 10 see all network PCs with Error code 0x80070035.

FOLLOWING COMMAND SOLVED the problem and gave access to shares:

C:\Windows\system32>

reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters /v AllowInsecureGuestAuth /t reg_dword /d 00000001 /f 

https://winitpro.ru/index.php/2018/05/16/0x80070035-ne-najden-setevoj-put-windows-10/

Flash Asus H170 PRO GAMING BIOS with flashrom

sudo flashrom -p internal

flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.19.0-15-generic (x86_64)

flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org

Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns).

Found chipset "Intel H170".

This chipset is marked as untested. If you are using an up-to-date version

of flashrom *and* were (not) able to successfully update your firmware with it,

then please email a report to flashrom@flashrom.org including a verbose (-V) log.

Thank you!

Enabling flash write... Warning: BIOS region SMM protection is enabled!

Warning: Setting Bios Control at 0xdc from 0xaa to 0x89 failed.

New value is 0xaa.

SPI Configuration is locked down.

FREG0: Flash Descriptor region (0x00000000-0x00000fff) is read-only.

FREG2: Management Engine region (0x00003000-0x0027ffff) is locked.

Not all flash regions are freely accessible by flashrom. This is most likely

due to an active ME. Please see https://flashrom.org/ME for details.

At least some flash regions are read protected. You have to use a flash

layout and include only accessible regions. For write operations, you'll

additionally need the --noverify-all switch. See manpage for more details.

Enabling hardware sequencing because some important opcode is locked.

PROBLEMS, continuing anyway

Found Programmer flash chip "Opaque flash chip" (16384 kB, Programmer-specific) mapped at physical address 0x0000000000000000.

No operations were specified.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sudo flashrom -p internal -r /home/bk1.bin

flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.19.0-15-generic (x86_64)

flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org

Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns).

Found chipset "Intel H170".

This chipset is marked as untested. If you are using an up-to-date version

of flashrom *and* were (not) able to successfully update your firmware with it,

then please email a report to flashrom@flashrom.org including a verbose (-V) log.

Thank you!

Enabling flash write... Warning: BIOS region SMM protection is enabled!

Warning: Setting Bios Control at 0xdc from 0xaa to 0x89 failed.

New value is 0xaa.

SPI Configuration is locked down.

FREG0: Flash Descriptor region (0x00000000-0x00000fff) is read-only.

FREG2: Management Engine region (0x00003000-0x0027ffff) is locked.

Not all flash regions are freely accessible by flashrom. This is most likely

due to an active ME. Please see https://flashrom.org/ME for details.

At least some flash regions are read protected. You have to use a flash

layout and include only accessible regions. For write operations, you'll

additionally need the --noverify-all switch. See manpage for more details.

Enabling hardware sequencing because some important opcode is locked.

PROBLEMS, continuing anyway

Found Programmer flash chip "Opaque flash chip" (16384 kB, Programmer-specific) mapped at physical address 0x0000000000000000.

Reading flash... Transaction error between offset 0x00003000 and 0x0000303f (= 0x00003000 + 63)!

Read operation failed!

FAILED.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sudo flashrom --programmer internal -r /home/bk1.bin -i bios --ifd

sudo flashrom -p internal -r /home/bk2.bin -i bios --ifd

sudo flashrom -p internal -r /home/bk3.bin -i bios --ifd

sudo flashrom -p internal -r /home/bk4.bin -i bios --ifd

sudo flashrom -p internal -v /home/bk4.bin -i bios --ifd

md5sum bk1.bin bk2.bin bk3.bin bk4.bin a3403.bin

8dccbad887dc112574a8999713029b7a  bk1.bin

8dccbad887dc112574a8999713029b7a  bk2.bin

8dccbad887dc112574a8999713029b7a  bk3.bin

8dccbad887dc112574a8999713029b7a  bk4.bin

058bce361fd03ef3f9de2285dd12e5b4  a3403.bin

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sudo flashrom -p internal -w /home/a3403.bin -i bios --ifd --noverify-all

flashrom v1.2 on Linux 5.19.0-15-generic (x86_64)

flashrom is free software, get the source code at https://flashrom.org

Using clock_gettime for delay loops (clk_id: 1, resolution: 1ns).

Found chipset "Intel H170".

This chipset is marked as untested. If you are using an up-to-date version

of flashrom *and* were (not) able to successfully update your firmware with it,

then please email a report to flashrom@flashrom.org including a verbose (-V) log.

Thank you!

Enabling flash write... Warning: BIOS region SMM protection is enabled!

Warning: Setting Bios Control at 0xdc from 0xaa to 0x89 failed.

New value is 0xaa.

SPI Configuration is locked down.

FREG0: Flash Descriptor region (0x00000000-0x00000fff) is read-only.

FREG2: Management Engine region (0x00003000-0x0027ffff) is locked.

Not all flash regions are freely accessible by flashrom. This is most likely

due to an active ME. Please see https://flashrom.org/ME for details.

At least some flash regions are read protected. You have to use a flash

layout and include only accessible regions. For write operations, you'll

additionally need the --noverify-all switch. See manpage for more details.

Enabling hardware sequencing because some important opcode is locked.

PROBLEMS, continuing anyway

Found Programmer flash chip "Opaque flash chip" (16384 kB, Programmer-specific) mapped at physical address 0x0000000000000000.

Reading ich descriptor... done.

Using region: "bios".

Reading old flash chip contents... done.

Erasing and writing flash chip... Transaction error between offset 0x00280000 and 0x00280fff (= 0x00280000 + 4095)!

Reading current flash chip contents... done. Looking for another erase function.

Looking for another erase function.

Looking for another erase function.

Looking for another erase function.

Looking for another erase function.

Looking for another erase function.

Looking for another erase function.

No usable erase functions left.

FAILED!

Uh oh. Erase/write failed.

Your flash chip is in an unknown state.

Get help on IRC at chat.freenode.net (channel #flashrom) or

mail flashrom@flashrom.org with the subject "FAILED: <your board name>"!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DO NOT REBOOT OR POWEROFF!

root@kubuntu:/home#

https://x86sec.com/posts/2022/09/08/removing-intel-ME-on-x1-carbon/

Flash BIOS with flashrom on Linux

Boot Kubuntu from USB drive.

sudo dmidecode -s bios-release-date

sudo dmidecode -s bios-revision

sudo dmidecode -s bios-vendor

sudo dmidecode -s bios-version

sudo apt install flashrom

-r dump1.bin => read chip and save content into file

-r dump2.bin

-r dump3.bin

md5sum dump1.bin dump2.bin dump3.bin

Hashes SHOULD BE identical.

-E => erase chip content

-w firmware.bin => write file content to chip

flashrom -p ch341a_spi -c GD25B128ACPIG -w firmware.bin

Asus H170 PRO GAMING BIOS is not displayed

Current BIOS: H170-PRO-GAMING-ASUS-3403

https://www.asus.com/supportonly/h170_pro_gaming/helpdesk_bios/

Problem: BIOS is not displayed, can’t enter BIOS, cursor/underscore on black screen.

Cause: unknown. PC stayed some time unused and then this… Power on PC and it shows black screen with non-blinking cursor, then monitor blinks and you get same black screen with non-blinking cursor. Tried on old and new TFT monitors with DP, HDMI, VGA, DVI-D – same. Tried on discrete video – same.

Potential cause: low CMOS KTS battery - 2.6 V - may have corrupted BIOS.

I can boot from USB WinPE without any problems and see hardware with utilities, if no OS is installed on any HDD or SSD.

Windows PE => CMD with admin rights => shutdown /r /fw /f /t 0 

I can boot from Win 10 USB and install Windows 10 on HDD or M.2 SSD, but after install Windows won’t boot. You get same black screen with non-blinking cursor.

I can’t enter BIOS by pressing F2 or Del, but Ctrl+Alt+Del reboots PC without problems.

When entering UEFI BIOS from Kubuntu USB GRUB menu PC turns off and then restarts.

I can’t flash BIOS with BUPDATER or AFUDOS.

With BUPDATER PC simply reboots or proposes to secure flash and reboots.

With AFUDOS I get message that BIOS is write protected. Can’t backup it and can’t flash it.

I changed battery, unplugged devices, removed CPU, tried another PSU, changed memory modules, reset CMOS many times but nothing helps. Looks like BIOS is working because with service utilities booted from USB drive I can see sensors, all specs, test video and cpu, hdd and ssd are visible, etc… But I can't enter BIOS.

BIOS chip flash solved the problem. Used buggy CH341A black USB 5V adapter, CH341-USB/CH341WDM.INF driver, UEFITool.exe, AsProgrammer_2.0.3a, Windows 7.

AFTER 3805 BIOS flash LAN Intel Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM  stopped working!!!

Flashed 3403 BIOS again!

Asus H170 PRO GAMING BIOS chip model: GD25B128CPIG E6S556 AH1644

Asus H170 PRO GAMING BIOS chip photo:

https://forums.overclockers.ru/viewtopic.php?f=89&t=624998&sid=a223bad92cdc077b857d1b7c0b16eb3f&start=20

https://forums.mydigitallife.net/threads/ami-bios-seems-write-protected-how-to-disable-or-circumvent-this.23932/

https://rog.asus.com/forum/showthread.php?99490-Flash-any-most-Asus-motherboard-Bios-in-DOS-with-USB-tutorial-Intel-AMD-roll-back

https://winraid.level1techs.com/t/asus-h170-pro-bios-recovery/31530

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYXKOo4sJqM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpjs4-B7HPU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9IuCtNuakE

https://github.com/corna/me_cleaner/issues/98

https://www.cryptoprofi.info/?p=10901

https://i2hard.ru/publications/30697/

https://greentechreviews.ru/2020/09/09/vosstanovlenie-bios-v-domashnih-i-okolo-togo-usloviyah/

https://www.wimsbios.com/amiflasher.jsp#gsc.tab=0

https://robotchip.ru/obzor-programmatora-dlya-flash-i-eeprom-na-ch341a/

https://forums.overclockers.ru/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=23980&start=9260

Install CH341A drivers and AsProgrammer_2.0.3a on Windows.

Install flashrom on Linux. [ You may also need libftdi1-2, libusb-0.1-4 ]

3200Mhz XMP RAM issue with CPU cooler going loud

Після зміни частоти памяті чи ввімкнення профілю XMP оперативної памяті, вентилятор процесора підвищив оберти і став шалено шуміти.

Змінивши профіль, перейдіть у Hardware Monitor і настройте криві кулера чи просто змініть до значень за замовчуванням, в даному випадку клавішею D.